3/22/2023 0 Comments Pervasive notion definition![]() ![]() Second, there is mounting evidence that points to altered connectivity between these regions and other brain areas responsible for the expression of social behavior, anxiety, and emotional responses. First, it is believed that deficits occur due to altered development of key brain areas involved in the processing of social and operational information (see McPartland et al. A plethora of imaging studies conducted with autistic and nonautistic children in a variety of contexts have helped identify several key difficulties with higher order cognitive processing. The intellectual quotient (IQ) of individuals with PDD varies across a broad range, but is a strong predictor of the expression of the disorder, the level of cognitive abilities observed, and treatment outcomes ( Baron-Cohen 2004). The severity of the condition may range from inability to process simple cues such as gaze fixation to complex operations such as biologic motion sensing, triadic attention sharing, and behavioral requesting ( McPartland et al. This “triad of deficits” can be thought of as an overall “problem” in social cognition. The current diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV (DSM-IV) defines PDD as an umbrella category comprising five major conditions: (1) autism, including both genetic and idiopathic causes (2) Asperger’s Syndrome (3) Rett’s Syndrome (4) childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), a rare, regressive late-onset developmental delay with unknown functional basis and (5) PDD-NOS, which encompasses atypical autistic cases.Īn individual is diagnosed with PDD when behavioral abnormalities are observed in any one or all of the three core domains: social development, communication, and repetitive behavior/obsessive interests ( Baron-Cohen 2004). PDD is perhaps the most expensive of all human disorders, outpacing cancer and psychiatric diseases ( Ropers 2010) because the affected individual requires a combination of behavioral and clinical therapy as well as long-term care. It is estimated that early onset intellectual disability (ID), which is highly co-morbid with an existing PDD diagnosis, affects ∼1% of the global population. The ICD-10 nomenclature of the World Health Organization (WHO) designates this set of conditions as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), a more frequently used term ( WHO 2004). In contrast, in pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), normal neurodevelopment is either delayed or severely compromised (DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association 2000). Normal early childhood development requires a myriad of molecular and cellular processes that are exquisitely balanced and tightly regulated. ![]()
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